Reference ranges for birds

Clinical chemistry values

	unit	Parakeets	Amazon Parrots	Parrots
Enzymes  25°C
ALT (GPT)	U/l	4 - 19	7 - 20	6 - 13
AP	U/l	131 - 257	71 - 174	33 - 62
AST (GOT)	U/l	86 - 390	85 - 150	50 - 77
LDH	U/l	76 - 450	168 - 341	176 - 242
Substrates
Protein, total	g/l	22 - 50	30 - 50	35 - 50
Glucose	mmol/l	11 - 24.9	10.9 - 18.4	10.6 - 19.4
Uric acid	µmol/l	190 - 833	119 - 636	238 - 595
Creatinine	µmol/l	8.8 - 35.4	8.8 - 35.4	8.8 - 35.4
Electrolytes
Calcium	mmol/l	1.7 - 2.8	1.9 - 3.2	1.9 - 3.2
Chloride	mmol/l	93 - 107	93 - 107	93 - 107
Potassium	mmol/l	2.5 - 4.5	3.0-4.8	2.6 - 4.2
Sodium	mmol/l	130 - 150	136 - 157	134 - 152
Phosphorus	mmol/l	0.8 - 2.5	0.8 - 3.4	0.8 - 2.9

Hematologic reference ranges

	Unit	Parakeets	Amazon Parrots	Parrots
Erythrocytes	T/l (=1012/l)	3.2 - 4.8	1.8 - 2.6	2.7 - 3.6
Hematocrit	l/l	0.48 - 0.58	0.44 - 0.55	0.43 - 0.51
Hemoglobin	g/l	138 - 168	135 - 200	142 - 171
Leucocytes	G/l (=109/l)	1.0 - 7.7	1.5 - 11.6	3.3 - 10.3
Heterophiles	%	20 - 26	50 - 58	56 - 57
Lymphocytes	%	58 - 68	33 - 43	36 - 37
Monocytes	%	12 - 19	0 - 2	0 - 1
Eosinophils	%	1 - 4	2 - 4	2 - 3
Basophils	%	4 - 9	1 - 5	4 - 5
Thrombocytes	G/l (=109/l)	34 - 38	-	46 - 49